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TRANSCRIPT
Hello! Welcome to the HIL for microgrid module.In previous modules, we have often used SCADA
inputs when we wanted to change the powerreference or enable/disable a converter. Essentially,
we were managing the energy delivery of theconverter manually. In reality, complex systems
like microgrids require automated energy managementof multiple converter and non-converter based
resources. Typhoon HIL supports controllerhardware in the loop testing of system-level
controllers like building energy managementsystems, distribution management systems,
and microgrid controllers. But before youcan test its controller you need to prepare
a test environment with a microgrid model.In this module you will learn how to build
a real-time model of a microgrid in ten minutes,while using HIL device resources optimally.
This includes learning the basics of the microgridlibrary components, as well as the advantages
and disadvantages of different model typesof distributed energy resources, or DERs.
Once you’ve learned how to model the powerpart, we will demonstrate in a practical example
how you can use the Typhoon HIL toolchainfor Rapid Control Prototyping and testing
of microgrid controller functions.
In this module, we will use material fromthe Microgrid Toolbox, which is one of several
paid toolbox licenses available through TyphoonHIL’s software. You can find out more about
licensing, and how you can access this materialduring the course, in our license notice.
All microgrid components from the microgridlibrary have dedicated examples, which you
can access using the Example Explorer.
Also, all microgrid components that are presentedin this module can be used as building blocks
for power system models or system-level powerelectronics models. In fact, you’ve already
encountered some of them when you tinkeredwith the electric vehicle and NPC PV inverter
example models.
Before we start let’s run Schematic Editorand create a new schematic model.
For the hardware settings, let’s chooseHIL 604 with hardware configuration number
1.
The Microgrid library consists of severalsub-libraries. In some microgrid sub-libraries
you will find “legacy” components. Thesecomponents are no longer upgraded with new
functionalities, but instead serve as unlockedsubsystems which you can use to develop your
own component models. The first library isDistributed Energy Resources. In this library
you can find most of the common DER componentsthat comprise a microgrid. We will cover these
components in more detail in the DistributedEnergy Resources module.
The Grid sub-library consists of a ready-to-useGrid component together with its user interface,
or UI, component.
Let’s drag and drop the grid component andits UI component in our model.
The settings of the grid component parametersare nominal line voltage, nominal frequency,
short circuit power, and inductive power factor.All inputs and outputs are pre-defined in
the UI grid component. You can find more informationabout the grid component by clicking help.
The Loads sub-library consists of severalcomponents. The legacy component voltage behind
reactance variable load, or VBR variable load,has vectorized inputs and outputs. Let’s
add it to the model.
The VBR variable load component takes theenabled/disabled status of the load, the active
power reference, and the reactive power referenceas inputs. It outputs measured active power,
reactive power, apparent power, and the powerfactor. The component can be easily parametrized
using only nominal voltage, nominal power,nominal frequency, series inductance, and
the execution rate. Also, there are more advancedparameters for control settings and snubber
resistance.
The constant impedance load component representsa three-phase balanced or unbalanced constant
impedance load. The possible combinationsfor the impedance per phase are R, RL, and
RC series connections. The properties underthe General tab include nominal frequency
and connection type. Also, there are two checkboxeswhere you can enable a neutral connection
or set a balanced three-phase power.
If the checkbox Set balanced three phase poweris active, the constant power can be set in
the Three-phase tab.
In this tab you can set the nominal line voltage,the nominal three phase power, the power factor
mode, and the power factor.
If you disable the Set balanced three phasepower checkbox, you can instead set the individual
power per phase using the corresponding Phasetab.
The generic variable load component representsthe behavior of the variable load in a microgrid.
This component has additional features comparedto the VBR variable load, such as a ramping
element, alarm messages, and fault protection.The generic variable load component consists
of two main parts: a high-level control subsystemand a low-level control subsystem with its
power stage and necessary measurements included.
High level control contains a PQ Control block,which contains regulators for active and reactive
power control, and ramping elements, whichlimit the rate of change of the active power
reference, reactive power reference, voltagereference, and frequency reference.
The low-level control subsystem also has twomain parts: the Current control block, which
contains regulators for the inner currentcontrol loops, and the Fault state machine,
which checks all measurements, signals thefault state, and sends alarm messages.
You can find more information about this componentin the Help documentation.
The Microgrid library also includes a sub-libraryfor measurement. In the Meter sub-library,
you can find the Three-phase meter and MeterSplit components. The Three-phase meter is
a quite useful and customizable component.You can choose what to measure in the properties
of the component using the checkboxes.
The possible measurements are voltage, current,frequency, voltage rms, current rms, and power.
Depending on the selected measurements thesubsystem dynamically changes, keeping your
schematic clean of measurement implementationclutter.
The Meter Split works as a splitter whereyou can split the Three-phase meter output
into separate measurement signals for eachphase. These two components usually are used
together.
The American National Standards Institute,or ANSI, protective functions are also part
of the microgrid library. In the library youcan find most of the frequently used ANSI
protective functions, such as 27 undervoltage,32 directional power, and several others.
The
input to this component is the output of thethree-phase meter component. Every ANSI protective
function has a meter split inside it whichsplits the signals from the three-phase meter
component. Mem (En/Rst) is a digital inputthat enables or resets the trip memory.
The outputs from the ANSI protective functionsare trip delayed, meaning it delays the trip
of the contactor. The trip delay can be setin the component properties. It also has a
signal for instantaneous trip if needed. Memtrip is high when the Mem (En/Rst) input
is high and a trip command occurs. The outputis zero if no trip occurred or if the trip
command is cleared and the Mem (En/Rst) risesfrom low to high value.
You can find more information about each ANSIprotective function component in the documentation.
Also, in the Protection sub-library you canfind a more advanced type of the relay. The
SEL-751 Relay Logic is a digital twin modelof the real SEL-751 protective device. This
component can be configured by using the same.txt file as the real device.
The main purpose of the SEL-751 componentis to study system stability and protection
coordination in power system and microgridapplications with an unprecedented level of
fidelity. You can find more information aboutthis component in the video presentation in
the materials section.
Lastly, in the Protection sub-library, youcan find the entire prepacked Feeder Protection
Relay component from the Feeder ProtectionRelay example. This component combines protective
functions such as synchronism check, undervoltage,instantaneous overcurrent, inverse time overcurrent,
and overvoltage.
Thank you for participating in this introductionto the microgrid module, where we covered
the basic components in the microgrid library.In the next module, you will find out more
details about distributed energy resources.
